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2026, Vol: 15, Issue: 1
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Technical Note
Online Published: 30 Oct 2025
 


Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations

Abdellah El Idrissi, Belkasem Imodane, Hamid Hamdani, M’hand Oubella, Mohamed Benydir, Mohamed Ajaamoum.


Abstract
This research presents an innovative method for enhancing hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, powered by photovoltaic (PV) energy. The system is based on the Perturbation and Observation (P & O) method of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with a boost converter to maximize energy capture, and a buck converter to stabilize DC voltage, ensuring compatibility with the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. An artificial neural network (ANN)-based controller manages the buck converter, effectively minimizing the effects of solar irradiation fluctuations on electrolyzer performance. By using the adaptive learning capabilities of the ANN, the proposed approach increases the efficiency of hydrogen production under varying solar energy levels. Simulation results indicate that the ANN controller outperforms the conventional PI controller, reducing the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) from 1.22 % to 0.95 %, decreasing overshoot from 12.84 % to 3.19 %, and achieving a faster settling time of 0.022 s compared to 0.023 s. This study advances renewable hydrogen production technologies, demonstrating that ANN-based control improves dynamic performance and contributes to the development of smarter, more resilient energy systems.

Key words: Hydrogen production, Renewable energy, PEM electrolyzer, DC-DC Converter, Artificial Neural Network.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Idrissi AE, Imodane B, Hamdani H, Oubella M, Benydir M, Ajaamoum M. Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. 2025; 14(2): 151-163.

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

Web Style

Idrissi AE, Imodane B, Hamdani H, Oubella M, Benydir M, Ajaamoum M. Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. https://www.jsesd.org/?mno=302658376 [Access: November 12, 2026].

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Idrissi AE, Imodane B, Hamdani H, Oubella M, Benydir M, Ajaamoum M. Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. 2025; 14(2): 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Idrissi AE, Imodane B, Hamdani H, Oubella M, Benydir M, Ajaamoum M. Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. (2025), [cited November 12, 2026]; 14(2): 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

Harvard Style

Idrissi, A. E., Imodane, . B., Hamdani, . H., Oubella, . M., Benydir, . M. & Ajaamoum, . M. (2025) Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev., 14 (2), 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

Turabian Style

Idrissi, Abdellah El, Belkasem Imodane, Hamid Hamdani, M'hand Oubella, Mohamed Benydir, and Mohamed Ajaamoum. 2025. Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, 14 (2), 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

Chicago Style

Idrissi, Abdellah El, Belkasem Imodane, Hamid Hamdani, M'hand Oubella, Mohamed Benydir, and Mohamed Ajaamoum. "Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development 14 (2025), 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Idrissi, Abdellah El, Belkasem Imodane, Hamid Hamdani, M'hand Oubella, Mohamed Benydir, and Mohamed Ajaamoum. "Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development 14.2 (2025), 151-163. Print.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Idrissi, A. E., Imodane, . B., Hamdani, . H., Oubella, . M., Benydir, . M. & Ajaamoum, . M. (2025) Improving PEM Water Electrolysis Efficiency with ANN-Based Control to Handle Rapid Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, 14 (2), 151-163.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v14iSTR2E.985

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